{"id":2183,"date":"2024-05-11T07:30:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-11T02:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/?p=2183"},"modified":"2024-05-11T07:30:43","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T02:00:43","slug":"database-management-system-lab-component-bcs403","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/database-management-system-lab-component-bcs403\/","title":{"rendered":"Database Management System Lab Component (BCS403)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In this blog post, you will find solutions for the <strong>Database Management System Lab Component (BCS403)<\/strong> course work for the IV semester of <strong>VTU<\/strong> university. To follow along, you will need to have up a machine running any flavour of <strong>GNULinux<\/strong> OS. We recommend using the <strong>MySQL <\/strong> database for this lab. The solutions have been tested on <strong>Ubuntu 22.04 <\/strong>OS. You can find the lab syllabus on the university&#8217;s website or here below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/BCS403.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of BCS403.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-7110d388-410f-440f-b183-80f1d4b8bf0d\" href=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/BCS403.pdf\">BCS403<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/BCS403.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-7110d388-410f-440f-b183-80f1d4b8bf0d\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>All these solutions have been maintained at the following git repository shown below. If you want to contribute send me a PR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/lab_manuals\/current\/iv-semester\/bcs403_database_management_system_lab_component\">https:\/\/gitlab.com\/lab_manuals\/current\/iv-semester\/bcs403_database_management_system_lab_component<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After getting the necessary development environment setup, Now lets focus on the solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P01\" title=\"Question 1\">Question 1<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P02\" title=\"Question 2\">Question 2<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P03\" title=\"Question 3\">Question 3<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P04\" title=\"Question 4\">Question 4<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P05\" title=\"Question 5\">Question 5<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P06\" title=\"Question 6\">Question 6<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"#P07\" title=\"Question 7\">Question 7<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/CodingAd.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"P01\">Question 1 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Create a table called <strong>Employee<\/strong> &amp; execute the following.<br><strong>Employee(EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insert any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO,ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lets login with the <strong>root<\/strong> account as shown below. Create a database <strong>COMPANY<\/strong> and switch to it using the <strong>USE<\/strong> command. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(253, 253, 237, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"$ sudo mysql -u root \n\nmysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE COMPANY;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; USE COMPANY;\nDatabase changed\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">$ sudo mysql <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">u <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">root<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> COMPANY;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> COMPANY;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">Database<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> changed<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the Database <strong>COMPANY<\/strong> create a table <strong>Employee<\/strong> as follows. Use the <strong>SHOW TABLES;<\/strong> command to confirm that the table was indeed created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(253, 253, 237, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CREATE TABLE COMPANY.Employee (\n    -&gt;     EMPNO INT,\n    -&gt;     ENAME VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     JOB VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     MANAGER_NO INT,\n    -&gt;     SAL DECIMAL(10, 2),\n    -&gt;     COMMISSION DECIMAL(10, 2)\n    -&gt; );\n    \nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.91 sec)\n\n\nmysql&gt; SHOW TABLES;\n\n+-------------------+\n| Tables_in_COMPANY |\n+-------------------+\n| Employee          |\n+-------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">COMPANY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     EMPNO <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     ENAME <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     JOB <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     MANAGER_NO <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     SAL <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     COMMISSION <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> );<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">91<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> SHOW TABLES;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">| Tables_in_COMPANY |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">| Employee          |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>You can verify the structure of this newly created Employee table using the DESC command.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; DESC COMPANY.Employee;\n\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| EMPNO      | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| ENAME      | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| JOB        | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| MANAGER_NO | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| SAL        | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| COMMISSION | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n6 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">COMPANY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Field      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Null<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Default<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Extra |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| ENAME      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| JOB        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| MANAGER_NO | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| COMMISSION | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create a User and Grant Permissions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'dbuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'T0p5E(RET';\n\nmysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON COMPANY.Employee TO 'dbuser'@'localhost';\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> USER <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">EXISTS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;dbuser&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;localhost&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> IDENTIFIED <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;T0p5E(RET&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">GRANT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ALL PRIVILEGES <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ON<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">COMPANY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;dbuser&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;localhost&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now logout and login with the new account credentials. Press <strong>Ctrl+D <\/strong>to logout. Command to login with new user account is shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"$ mysql -u dbuser -p\nEnter password: \n\nWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.\nYour MySQL connection id is 11\nServer version: 8.0.37 MySQL Community Server - GPL\n\nCopyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and\/or its affiliates.\n\nOracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and\/or its\naffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective\nowners.\n\nType 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.\n\nmysql&gt; \n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">$ mysql <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">u dbuser <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">p<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Enter <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">password<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Welcome <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> the MySQL monitor.  Commands <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">with<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ; <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> \\g.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Your MySQL <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">connection<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">11<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Server<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">version<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">37<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> MySQL Community <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Server<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> GPL<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Copyright (c) <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2024<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Oracle <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">and\/or<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> its affiliates.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Oracle <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">and\/or<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> its<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">owners.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;help;&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;\\h&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> help. <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;\\c&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">clear<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> the current input <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">statement<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you have successfully logged with your new account. Change the current database to <strong>COMPANY<\/strong> database using <strong>USE<\/strong> command. Now we  will illustrate how to <strong>insert<\/strong> records and also the <strong>COMMIT<\/strong> and <strong>ROLLBACK<\/strong> facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- Change the current database to COMPANY\n\nmysql&gt; USE COMPANY;\n\nDatabase changed\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\n-- START A TRANSACTION\nmysql&gt; START TRANSACTION;\n\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\n    -&gt; VALUES (1, 'Kavana Shetty', 'Manager', NULL, 5000.00, 1000.00);\n\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)\n\n-- COMMIT DATABASE, db CONTENTS ARE WRITTEN TO THE DISK\nmysql&gt; COMMIT;\n\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)\n\n-- DISPLAY TABLE CONTENTS\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n|     1 | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\n\n-- START ANOTHER TRANSACTION\nmysql&gt; START TRANSACTION;\n\n-- INSERT MORE RECORDS\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\nVALUES (2, 'Ram Charan', 'Developer', 1, 4000.00, NULL);\n\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\nVALUES (3, 'Honey Singh', 'Salesperson', 2, 3000.00, 500.00);\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB         | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n|     1 | Kavana Shetty | Manager     |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n|     2 | Ram Charan    | Developer   |          1 | 4000.00 |       NULL |\n|     3 | Honey Singh   | Salesperson |          2 | 3000.00 |     500.00 |\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n3 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; DELETE FROM Employee where ENAME = 'Kavana Shetty';\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME       | JOB         | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n|     2 | Ram Charan  | Developer   |          1 | 4000.00 |       NULL |\n|     3 | Honey Singh | Salesperson |          2 | 3000.00 |     500.00 |\n+-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+\n2 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\n-- ROLLBACK 2 INSERTS AND 1 DELETE OPERATIONS\nmysql&gt; ROLLBACK;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n|     1 | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Change the current database to COMPANY<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> COMPANY;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Database<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> changed<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- START A TRANSACTION<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">START TRANSACTION<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Kavana Shetty&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Manager&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- COMMIT DATABASE, db CONTENTS ARE WRITTEN TO THE DISK<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">COMMIT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">06<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- DISPLAY TABLE CONTENTS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- START ANOTHER TRANSACTION<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">START TRANSACTION<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- INSERT MORE RECORDS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Ram Charan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Developer&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Honey Singh&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Salesperson&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB         | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Kavana Shetty | Manager     |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Ram Charan    | Developer   |          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Honey Singh   | Salesperson |          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DELETE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">where<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ENAME <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Kavana Shetty&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME       | JOB         | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Ram Charan  | Developer   |          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Honey Singh | Salesperson |          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- ROLLBACK 2 INSERTS AND 1 DELETE OPERATIONS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ROLLBACK<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">06<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>You can now see how the rollback operation can be used above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adding Constraints<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Add Primary Key Constraint<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#e1e4e8;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- Add Primary Key Constraint\nmysql&gt; ALTER TABLE Employee\n    -&gt; ADD CONSTRAINT pk_employee PRIMARY KEY (EMPNO);\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (1.65 sec)\n\n-- verify primary key constraint\nmysql&gt; DESC Employee;\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| EMPNO      | int           | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |\n| ENAME      | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| JOB        | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| MANAGER_NO | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| SAL        | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| COMMISSION | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n6 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\n    -&gt; VALUES (1, 'Ranjan', 'Manager', NULL, 5000.00, 1000.00);\nERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'Employee.PRIMARY'\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Add Primary Key Constraint<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ALTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ADD<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CONSTRAINT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> pk_employee <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (EMPNO);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">65<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- verify primary key constraint<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Field      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Null<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Default<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Extra |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   | PRI | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| ENAME      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| JOB        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| MANAGER_NO | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| COMMISSION | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Ranjan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Manager&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">ERROR <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1062<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">23000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">): Duplicate <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Employee.PRIMARY&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Since EMPNO field is the primary key it cannot have duplicate values, hence we see that the insert operation fails when provided with a duplicate value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Add Not Null Constraint<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- Add Not Null Constraints\nmysql&gt; ALTER TABLE Employee\n    -&gt; MODIFY ENAME VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,\n    -&gt; MODIFY JOB VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,\n    -&gt; MODIFY SAL DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (1.08 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\n    -&gt; VALUES (4, 'Ranjan', 'Manager', NULL, 5000.00, 1000.00);\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; \nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n|     1 | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n|     4 | Ranjan        | Manager |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n+-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+\n2 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)\n    -&gt; VALUES (NULL, 'Tester', NULL, 3500.00, NULL);\nERROR 1048 (23000): Column 'ENAME' cannot be null\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Add Not Null Constraints<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ALTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">MODIFY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ENAME <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">MODIFY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> JOB <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">MODIFY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SAL <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">08<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Ranjan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Manager&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">16<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB     | MANAGER_NO | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Kavana Shetty | Manager |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Ranjan        | Manager |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+---------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Tester&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">ERROR <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1048<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">23000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">): Column <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;ENAME&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> cannot be <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">null<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We just illustrated as to how to add not null constraint to the Employee table. We see that the first insert doesn&#8217;t violate  null constraint, however the second insert does violate  null constraint as ENAME field cannot be null.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"P02\">Question 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Create a table called Employee that contain attributes EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MGR,SAL &amp;<br>execute the following.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Add a column commission with domain to the Employeetable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insert any five records into the table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Update the column details of job<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE COMPANY02;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; USE COMPANY02;\nDatabase changed\n\nmysql&gt; CREATE TABLE Employee (\n    -&gt;     EMPNO INT,\n    -&gt;     ENAME VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     JOB VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     MGR INT,\n    -&gt;     SAL DECIMAL(10, 2)\n    -&gt; );\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.48 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; SHOW TABLES;\n+---------------------+\n| Tables_in_COMPANY02 |\n+---------------------+\n| Employee            |\n+---------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; DESC Employee;\n+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| EMPNO | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| ENAME | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| JOB   | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| MGR   | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| SAL   | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n5 rows in set (0.00 sec)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> COMPANY02;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">16<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> COMPANY02;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Database<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> changed<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     EMPNO <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     ENAME <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     JOB <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     MGR <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     SAL <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> );<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">48<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SHOW TABLES;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Tables_in_COMPANY02 |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee            |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Field | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Null<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Default<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Extra |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| ENAME | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| JOB   | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| MGR   | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL   | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adding a Column (Commission) to the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#e1e4e8;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; ALTER TABLE Employee\n    -&gt; ADD COLUMN COMMISSION DECIMAL(10, 2);\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; DESC Employee;\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| EMPNO      | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| ENAME      | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| JOB        | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| MGR        | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| SAL        | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| COMMISSION | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n6 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ALTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ADD<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> COLUMN COMMISSION <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">37<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Field      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Null<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Default<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Extra |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| ENAME      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| JOB        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| MGR        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| COMMISSION | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We have added a column <strong>COMMISSION<\/strong> using the <strong>ALTER<\/strong> command, which is shown above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inserting 5 Records into the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL, COMMISSION)\n    -&gt; VALUES\n    -&gt;     (101, 'Radha Bai', 'Manager', NULL, 5000.00, 1000.00),\n    -&gt;     (102, 'Krishna Kumar', 'Developer', 101, 4000.00, NULL),\n    -&gt;     (103, 'Abdul Sattar', 'Salesperson', 102, 3000.00, 500.00),\n    -&gt;     (104, 'Bob Johnson', 'Accountant', 101, 4500.00, NULL),\n    -&gt;     (105, 'Amartya Sen', 'HR Manager', 101, 4800.00, 800.00);\nQuery OK, 5 rows affected (0.12 sec)\nRecords: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB         | MGR  | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+\n|   101 | Radha Bai     | Manager     | NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n|   102 | Krishna Kumar | Developer   |  101 | 4000.00 |       NULL |\n|   103 | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson |  102 | 3000.00 |     500.00 |\n|   104 | Bob Johnson   | Accountant  |  101 | 4500.00 |       NULL |\n|   105 | Amartya Sen   | HR Manager  |  101 | 4800.00 |     800.00 |\n+-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+\n5 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL, COMMISSION)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Radha Bai&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Manager&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Krishna Kumar&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Developer&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">103<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Abdul Sattar&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Salesperson&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Bob Johnson&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Accountant&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">105<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Amartya Sen&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;HR Manager&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Records: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Duplicates: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB         | MGR  | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Radha Bai     | Manager     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Krishna Kumar | Developer   |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">103<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Bob Johnson   | Accountant  |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">105<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Amartya Sen   | HR Manager  |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+-------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Updating Column Details (JOB) in the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; UPDATE Employee\n    -&gt; SET JOB = 'Senior Developer'\n    -&gt; WHERE EMPNO = 102;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)\nRows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB              | MGR  | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+\n|   101 | Radha Bai     | Manager          | NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n|   102 | Krishna Kumar | Senior Developer |  101 | 4000.00 |       NULL |\n|   103 | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson      |  102 | 3000.00 |     500.00 |\n|   104 | Bob Johnson   | Accountant       |  101 | 4500.00 |       NULL |\n|   105 | Amartya Sen   | HR Manager       |  101 | 4800.00 |     800.00 |\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+\n5 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> JOB <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Senior Developer&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> EMPNO <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">09<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">matched<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Changed: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB              | MGR  | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Radha Bai     | Manager          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Krishna Kumar | Senior Developer |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">103<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson      |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Bob Johnson   | Accountant       |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">105<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Amartya Sen   | HR Manager       |  <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">800<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Renaming a Column in the Employee Table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To rename the <code>MGR<\/code> column to <code>MANAGER_ID<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; ALTER TABLE Employee\n    -&gt; CHANGE COLUMN MGR MANAGER_ID INT;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)\nRecords: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\nmysql&gt; DESC Employee;\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| EMPNO      | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| ENAME      | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| JOB        | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| MANAGER_ID | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| SAL        | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| COMMISSION | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n6 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ALTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> CHANGE COLUMN MGR MANAGER_ID <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Records: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Duplicates: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Field      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Type<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">          | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Null<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Key<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Default<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Extra |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| ENAME      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| JOB        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| MANAGER_ID | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">           | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL        | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| COMMISSION | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) | YES  |     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    |       |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deleting a Specific Employee (EMPNO = 105) from the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#e1e4e8;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; DELETE FROM Employee\n    -&gt; WHERE EMPNO = 105;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+\n| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB              | MANAGER_ID | SAL     | COMMISSION |\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+\n|   101 | Radha Bai     | Manager          |       NULL | 5000.00 |    1000.00 |\n|   102 | Krishna Kumar | Senior Developer |        101 | 4000.00 |       NULL |\n|   103 | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson      |        102 | 3000.00 |     500.00 |\n|   104 | Bob Johnson   | Accountant       |        101 | 4500.00 |       NULL |\n+-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+\n4 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DELETE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> EMPNO <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">105<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| EMPNO | ENAME         | JOB              | MANAGER_ID | SAL     | COMMISSION |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Radha Bai     | Manager          |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Krishna Kumar | Senior Developer |        <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">103<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Abdul Sattar  | Salesperson      |        <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Bob Johnson   | Accountant       |        <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4500<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------+---------------+------------------+------------+---------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\" id=\"P03\">Question 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Queries using aggregate functions(COUNT,AVG,MIN,MAX,SUM),Group by,Orderby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create Employee table containing all Records E_id, E_name, Age, Salary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Count number of employee names from Employee table<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find the Maximum age from Employee table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find the Minimum age from Employee table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find grouped salaries of employees.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Creating the Employee Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE COMPANY03;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; USE COMPANY03;\nDatabase changed\n\nmysql&gt; CREATE TABLE Employee (\n    -&gt;     E_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    -&gt;     E_name VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     Age INT,\n    -&gt;     Salary DECIMAL(10, 2)\n    -&gt; );\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (1.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; DESC Employee;\n+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| Field  | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |\n+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n| E_id   | int           | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |\n| E_name | varchar(255)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| Age    | int           | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n| Salary | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |\n+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+\n4 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">COMPANY03<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">OK<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> row <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">affected<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.09<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">COMPANY03<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Database changed<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     E_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">PRIMARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     E_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     Age <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     Salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> );<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">OK<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> rows <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">affected<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Field  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Type          <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Null <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Key <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Default <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Extra <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_id   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> int           <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">NO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">PRI<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">varchar<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">YES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Age    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> int           <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">YES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">decimal<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">YES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> rows <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Populating the Employee Table with 12 Records<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)\n    -&gt; VALUES\n    -&gt;     (1, 'Samarth', 30, 50000.00),\n    -&gt;     (2, 'Ramesh Kumar', 25, 45000.00),\n    -&gt;     (3, 'Seema Banu', 35, 60000.00),\n    -&gt;     (4, 'Dennis Anil', 28, 52000.00),\n    -&gt;     (5, 'Rehman Khan', 32, 58000.00),\n    -&gt;     (6, 'Pavan Gowda', 40, 70000.00),\n    -&gt;     (7, 'Shruthi Bhat', 27, 48000.00),\n    -&gt;     (8, 'Sandesh Yadav', 29, 51000.00),\n    -&gt;     (9, 'Vikram Acharya', 33, 62000.00),\n    -&gt;     (10, 'Praveen Bellad', 26, 46000.00),\n    -&gt;     (11, 'Sophia Mary', 31, 55000.00),\n    -&gt;     (12, 'Darshan Desai', 34, 63000.00);\nQuery OK, 12 rows affected (0.14 sec)\nRecords: 12  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM Employee;\n+------+----------------+------+----------+\n| E_id | E_name         | Age  | Salary   |\n+------+----------------+------+----------+\n|    1 | Samarth        |   30 | 50000.00 |\n|    2 | Ramesh Kumar   |   25 | 45000.00 |\n|    3 | Seema Banu     |   35 | 60000.00 |\n|    4 | Dennis Anil    |   28 | 52000.00 |\n|    5 | Rehman Khan    |   32 | 58000.00 |\n|    6 | Pavan Gowda    |   40 | 70000.00 |\n|    7 | Shruthi Bhat   |   27 | 48000.00 |\n|    8 | Sandesh Yadav  |   29 | 51000.00 |\n|    9 | Vikram Acharya |   33 | 62000.00 |\n|   10 | Praveen Bellad |   26 | 46000.00 |\n|   11 | Sophia Mary    |   31 | 55000.00 |\n|   12 | Darshan Desai  |   34 | 63000.00 |\n+------+----------------+------+----------+\n12 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">VALUES<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Samarth&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Ramesh Kumar&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Seema Banu&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">35<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">60000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Dennis Anil&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">28<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Rehman Khan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Pavan Gowda&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">40<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">70000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Shruthi Bhat&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">27<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">48000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Sandesh Yadav&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">29<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">51000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Vikram Acharya&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">33<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Praveen Bellad&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">26<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">46000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">11<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Sophia Mary&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">31<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Darshan Desai&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">34<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">63000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">OK<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> rows <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">affected<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.14<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Records<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Duplicates<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Warnings<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+------+----------------+------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_name         <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Age  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+------+----------------+------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Samarth        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Ramesh Kumar   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Seema Banu     <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">35<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">60000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Dennis Anil    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">28<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Rehman Khan    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Pavan Gowda    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">40<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">70000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Shruthi Bhat   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">27<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">48000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Sandesh Yadav  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">29<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">51000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Vikram Acharya <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">33<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Praveen Bellad <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">26<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">46000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">11<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Sophia Mary    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">31<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Darshan Desai  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">34<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">63000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+------+----------------+------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> rows <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Count Number of Employee Names<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; SELECT COUNT(E_name) AS TotalEmployees\n    -&gt; FROM Employee;\n+----------------+\n| TotalEmployees |\n+----------------+\n|             12 |\n+----------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(E_name) <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> TotalEmployees<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> TotalEmployees <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> row <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Find the Maximum Age<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; SELECT MAX(Age) AS MaxAge\n    -&gt; FROM Employee;\n+--------+\n| MaxAge |\n+--------+\n|     40 |\n+--------+\n1 row in set (0.01 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">MAX<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(Age) <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> MaxAge<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> MaxAge <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">40<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> row <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.01<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Find the Minimum Age<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; SELECT MIN(Age) AS MinAge\n    -&gt; FROM Employee;\n+--------+\n| MinAge |\n+--------+\n|     25 |\n+--------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">MIN<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(Age) <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> MinAge<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> MinAge <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+--------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> row <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Find Salaries of Employees in Ascending Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; SELECT E_name, Salary\n    -&gt; FROM Employee\n    -&gt; ORDER BY Salary ASC;\n+----------------+----------+\n| E_name         | Salary   |\n+----------------+----------+\n| Ramesh Kumar   | 45000.00 |\n| Praveen Bellad | 46000.00 |\n| Shruthi Bhat   | 48000.00 |\n| Samarth        | 50000.00 |\n| Dennis Anil    | 52000.00 |\n| Sandesh Yadav  | 52000.00 |\n| Sophia Mary    | 55000.00 |\n| Rehman Khan    | 58000.00 |\n| Seema Banu     | 62000.00 |\n| Vikram Acharya | 62000.00 |\n| Darshan Desai  | 63000.00 |\n| Pavan Gowda    | 70000.00 |\n+----------------+----------+\n12 rows in set (0.00 sec)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_name, Salary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ASC<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_name         <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Ramesh Kumar   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Praveen Bellad <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">46000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Shruthi Bhat   <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">48000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Samarth        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Dennis Anil    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Sandesh Yadav  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Sophia Mary    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Rehman Khan    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Seema Banu     <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Vikram Acharya <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Darshan Desai  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">63000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Pavan Gowda    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">70000.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+----------------+----------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> rows <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0.00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Find Grouped Salaries of Employees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; SELECT Salary, COUNT(*) AS EmployeeCount\n    -&gt; FROM Employee\n    -&gt; GROUP BY Salary;\n+----------+---------------+\n| Salary   | EmployeeCount |\n+----------+---------------+\n| 50000.00 |             1 |\n| 45000.00 |             1 |\n| 62000.00 |             2 |\n| 52000.00 |             2 |\n| 58000.00 |             1 |\n| 70000.00 |             1 |\n| 48000.00 |             1 |\n| 46000.00 |             1 |\n| 55000.00 |             1 |\n| 63000.00 |             1 |\n+----------+---------------+\n10 rows in set (0.00 sec)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> EmployeeCount<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">GROUP BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Salary;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------+---------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Salary   | EmployeeCount |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------+---------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">70000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">48000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">46000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">63000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |             <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------+---------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In these queries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>COUNT(E_name)<\/code> counts the number of non-NULL values in the <code>E_name<\/code> column.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>MAX(Age)<\/code> finds the maximum age among the employees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>MIN(Age)<\/code> finds the minimum age among the employees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>ORDER BY Salary ASC<\/code> sorts the employees based on their salaries in ascending order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>GROUP BY Salary<\/code> groups employees by their salaries and counts the number of employees for each salary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\" id=\"P04\">Question 4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the salary difference between the old &amp; new Salary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Create the <code>CUSTOMERS<\/code> Table<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, create the <code>CUSTOMERS<\/code> table with the specified columns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE COMPANY04;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; USE COMPANY04;\nDatabase changed\n\nmysql&gt; CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (\n    -&gt;     ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    -&gt;     NAME VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     AGE INT,\n    -&gt;     ADDRESS VARCHAR(255),\n    -&gt;     SALARY DECIMAL(10, 2)\n    -&gt; );\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> COMPANY04;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> COMPANY04;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">Database<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> changed<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> CUSTOMERS (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     ID <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> AUTO_INCREMENT,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">NAME<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     AGE <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ADDRESS<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     SALARY <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> );<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">49<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To achieve the desired functionality of capturing changes on <code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, or <code>DELETE<\/code> operations and displaying the salary difference in MySQL, you&#8217;ll need to create separate row-level triggers for each operation (<code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, <code>DELETE<\/code>). These triggers will capture the <code>OLD<\/code> and <code>NEW<\/code> values of the <code>SALARY<\/code> column and display the salary difference when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operation occurs.Here&#8217;s how you can do it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Create Trigger for INSERT Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- INSERT TRIGGER\nDELIMITER \/\/\n\nCREATE TRIGGER after_insert_salary_difference\nAFTER INSERT ON CUSTOMERS\nFOR EACH ROW\nBEGIN\n\tSET @my_sal_diff = CONCAT('salary inserted is ', NEW.SALARY);\nEND;\/\/\n\nDELIMITER ;\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-- INSERT TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">TRIGGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #50FA7B\">after_insert_salary_difference<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">AFTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ON<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> CUSTOMERS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">FOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EACH <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ROW<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">BEGIN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">\t<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">CONCAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F1FA8C\">salary inserted is <\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">NEW<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">;<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER ;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Create Trigger for UPDATE Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- UPDATE TRIGGER\nDELIMITER \/\/\n\nCREATE TRIGGER after_update_salary_difference\nAFTER UPDATE ON CUSTOMERS\nFOR EACH ROW\nBEGIN\n    DECLARE old_salary DECIMAL(10, 2);\n    DECLARE new_salary DECIMAL(10, 2);\n    \n    SET old_salary = OLD.SALARY;\n    SET new_salary = NEW.SALARY;\n\tSET @my_sal_diff = CONCAT('salary difference after update is ', NEW.SALARY - OLD.SALARY);\nEND;\/\/\n\nDELIMITER ;\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-- UPDATE TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">TRIGGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #50FA7B\">after_update_salary_difference<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">AFTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ON<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> CUSTOMERS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">FOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EACH <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ROW<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">BEGIN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> old_salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> new_salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> old_salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">OLD<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> new_salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">NEW<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">\t<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">CONCAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F1FA8C\">salary difference after update is <\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">NEW<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">OLD<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">;<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER ;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-f-8-f-8-f-2-color has-text-color\">4. Create Trigger for DELETE Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#282A36\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"-- DELETE TRIGGER\nDELIMITER \/\/\n\nCREATE TRIGGER after_delete_salary_difference\nAFTER DELETE ON CUSTOMERS\nFOR EACH ROW\nBEGIN\n\tSET @my_sal_diff = CONCAT('salary deleted is ', OLD.SALARY);\nEND;\/\/\n\nDELIMITER ;\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6272A4\">-- DELETE TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">TRIGGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #50FA7B\">after_delete_salary_difference<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">AFTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">DELETE<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ON<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> CUSTOMERS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">FOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EACH <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">ROW<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">BEGIN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">\t<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">CONCAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F1FA8C\">salary deleted is <\/span><span style=\"color: #E9F284\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">OLD<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">SALARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">;<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">DELIMITER ;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Testing the Trigger:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the triggers are created, you can perform <code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, or <code>DELETE<\/code> operations on the <code>CUSTOMERS<\/code> table to observe the salary difference messages generated by the triggers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; -- test INSERT TRIGGER\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY)\n    -&gt; VALUES ('Shankara', 35, '123 Main St', 50000.00);\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; \nmysql&gt; SELECT @my_sal_diff AS SAL_DIFF;\n+-----------------------------+\n| SAL_DIFF                    |\n+-----------------------------+\n| salary inserted is 50000.00 |\n+-----------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; -- test UPDATE TRIGGER\nmysql&gt; UPDATE CUSTOMERS\n    -&gt; SET SALARY = 55000.00\n    -&gt; WHERE ID = 1;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)\nRows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0\n\nmysql&gt; SELECT @my_sal_diff AS SAL_DIFF;\n+-------------------------------------------+\n| SAL_DIFF                                  |\n+-------------------------------------------+\n| salary difference after update is 5000.00 |\n+-------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; -- test DELETE TRIGGER\nmysql&gt; DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS\n    -&gt; WHERE ID = 1;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)\n\nmysql&gt; \nmysql&gt; SELECT @my_sal_diff AS SAL_DIFF;\n+----------------------------+\n| SAL_DIFF                   |\n+----------------------------+\n| salary deleted is 55000.00 |\n+----------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- test INSERT TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> CUSTOMERS (<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NAME<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, AGE, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">ADDRESS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, SALARY)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Shankara&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">35<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;123 Main St&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SAL_DIFF;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL_DIFF                    |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| salary inserted <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- test UPDATE TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> CUSTOMERS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SALARY <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ID <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">13<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">matched<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Changed: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SAL_DIFF;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL_DIFF                                  |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| salary difference <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">after<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">update<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- test DELETE TRIGGER<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DELETE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> CUSTOMERS<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ID <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">13<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @my_sal_diff <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> SAL_DIFF;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| SAL_DIFF                   |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| salary deleted <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">55000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Each operation (<code>INSERT<\/code>, <code>UPDATE<\/code>, <code>DELETE<\/code>) will trigger the respective trigger (<code>after_insert_salary_difference<\/code>, <code>after_update_salary_difference<\/code>, <code>after_delete_salary_difference<\/code>), which will display the salary change or difference associated with that operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By using separate triggers for each operation and utilizing the <code>OLD<\/code> and <code>NEW<\/code> keywords appropriately within the trigger bodies, you can effectively capture and handle changes to the <code>SALARY<\/code> column in the <code>CUSTOMERS<\/code> table in MySQL. You can adjust the trigger logic and message formatting as needed based on your specific requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\" id=\"P05\">Question 5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Create cursor for Employee table &amp; extract the values from the table. Declare the variables,Open the cursor &amp; extract the values from the cursor. Close the cursor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Creating the Employee Table and insert few records<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"CREATE DATABASE COMPANY05;\n\nUSE COMPANY05;\n\nCREATE TABLE Employee (\n    E_id INT,\n    E_name VARCHAR(255),\n    Age INT,\n    Salary DECIMAL(10, 2)\n);\n\nINSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)\nVALUES\n    (1, 'Samarth', 30, 50000.00),\n    (2, 'Ramesh Kumar', 25, 45000.00),\n    (3, 'Seema Banu', 35, 62000.00),\n    (4, 'Dennis Anil', 28, 52000.00),\n    (5, 'Rehman Khan', 32, 58000.00);\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">COMPANY05<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> COMPANY05;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">Employee<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    E_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    E_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    Age <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    Salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Samarth&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Ramesh Kumar&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Seema Banu&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">35<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Dennis Anil&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">28<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Rehman Khan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">2. Create a Stored Procedure with Cursor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To create a cursor for the <code>Employee<\/code> table, extract values using the cursor, and then close the cursor in MySQL, you&#8217;ll need to use stored procedures that support cursor operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"DELIMITER \/\/\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE fetch_employee_data()\nBEGIN\n    -- Declare variables to store cursor values\n    DECLARE emp_id INT;\n    DECLARE emp_name VARCHAR(255);\n    DECLARE emp_age INT;\n    DECLARE emp_salary DECIMAL(10, 2);\n    \n    -- Declare a cursor for the Employee table\n    DECLARE emp_cursor CURSOR FOR\n        SELECT E_id, E_name, Age, Salary\n        FROM Employee;\n    \n    -- Declare a continue handler for the cursor\n    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND\n        SET @finished = 1;\n    \n    -- Open the cursor\n    OPEN emp_cursor;\n    \n    -- Initialize a variable to control cursor loop\n    SET @finished = 0;\n    \n    -- Loop through the cursor results\n    cursor_loop: LOOP\n        -- Fetch the next row from the cursor into variables\n        FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_id, emp_name, emp_age, emp_salary;\n        \n        -- Check if no more rows to fetch\n        IF @finished = 1 THEN\n            LEAVE cursor_loop;\n        END IF;\n        \n        -- Output or process each row (for demonstration, print the values)\n        SELECT CONCAT('Employee ID: ', emp_id, ', Name: ', emp_name, ', Age: ', emp_age, ', Salary: ', emp_salary) AS Employee_Info;\n    END LOOP;\n    \n    -- Close the cursor\n    CLOSE emp_cursor;\nEND\/\/\n\nDELIMITER ;\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">DELIMITER <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">PROCEDURE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> fetch_employee_data()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">BEGIN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Declare variables to store cursor values<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_age <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_salary <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECIMAL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Declare a cursor for the Employee table<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_cursor <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CURSOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FOR<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> E_id, E_name, Age, Salary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Declare a continue handler for the cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CONTINUE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> HANDLER <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> FOUND<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @finished <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Open the cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">OPEN<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_cursor;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Initialize a variable to control cursor loop<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @finished <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Loop through the cursor results<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    cursor_loop: <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">LOOP<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Fetch the next row from the cursor into variables<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FETCH<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_cursor <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_id, emp_name, emp_age, emp_salary;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Check if no more rows to fetch<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> @finished <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">THEN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            LEAVE cursor_loop;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Output or process each row (for demonstration, print the values)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">CONCAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Employee ID: &#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, emp_id, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;, Name: &#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, emp_name, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;, Age: &#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, emp_age, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;, Salary: &#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, emp_salary) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> Employee_Info;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">LOOP<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Close the cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CLOSE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> emp_cursor;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">DELIMITER ;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In this stored procedure (<code>fetch_employee_data<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We declare variables (<code>emp_id<\/code>, <code>emp_name<\/code>, <code>emp_age<\/code>, <code>emp_salary<\/code>) to store values retrieved from the cursor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A cursor (<code>emp_cursor<\/code>) is declared to select <code>E_id<\/code>, <code>E_name<\/code>, <code>Age<\/code>, and <code>Salary<\/code> from the <code>Employee<\/code> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We declare a continue handler (<code>CONTINUE HANDLER<\/code>) for <code>NOT FOUND<\/code> condition to handle the end of cursor data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cursor is opened (<code>OPEN emp_cursor<\/code>), and a loop (<code>cursor_loop<\/code>) is used to fetch each row from the cursor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We fetch values into the variables and process them within the loop (for demonstration, we print the values using a <code>SELECT<\/code> statement).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The loop continues until all rows are fetched (<code>@finished = 1<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, the cursor is closed (<code>CLOSE emp_cursor<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Execute the Stored Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the stored procedure <code>fetch_employee_data<\/code> is created, you can execute it to fetch and process data from the <code>Employee<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CALL fetch_employee_data();\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee_Info                                            |\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee ID: 1, Name: Samarth, Age: 30, Salary: 50000.00 |\n+----------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.07 sec)\n\n+---------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee_Info                                                 |\n+---------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee ID: 2, Name: Ramesh Kumar, Age: 25, Salary: 45000.00 |\n+---------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.07 sec)\n\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee_Info                                               |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee ID: 3, Name: Seema Banu, Age: 35, Salary: 62000.00 |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.07 sec)\n\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee_Info                                                |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee ID: 4, Name: Dennis Anil, Age: 28, Salary: 52000.00 |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.07 sec)\n\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee_Info                                                |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Employee ID: 5, Name: Rehman Khan, Age: 32, Salary: 58000.00 |\n+--------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.07 sec)\n\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)\n\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CALL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> fetch_employee_data();<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee_Info                                            |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee ID: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: Samarth, Age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Salary: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">----------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee_Info                                                 |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee ID: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: Ramesh Kumar, Age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Salary: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">45000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">---------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee_Info                                               |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee ID: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: Seema Banu, Age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">35<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Salary: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">62000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee_Info                                                |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee ID: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: Dennis Anil, Age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">28<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Salary: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">52000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee_Info                                                |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| Employee ID: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: Rehman Khan, Age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, Salary: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">58000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">--------------------------------------------------------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">07<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The stored procedure <code>fetch_employee_data<\/code> declares variables (<code>emp_id<\/code>, <code>emp_name<\/code>, <code>emp_age<\/code>, <code>emp_salary<\/code>) to store values retrieved from the cursor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A cursor (<code>emp_cursor<\/code>) is declared for the <code>Employee<\/code> table to select <code>E_id<\/code>, <code>E_name<\/code>, <code>Age<\/code>, and <code>Salary<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cursor is opened (<code>OPEN emp_cursor<\/code>), and the <code>FETCH<\/code> statement retrieves the first row from the cursor into the declared variables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <code>WHILE<\/code> loop processes each row fetched by the cursor (<code>SQLSTATE() = '00000'<\/code> checks for successful fetching).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Within the loop, you can perform operations or output the values of each row.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>CLOSE<\/code> statement closes the cursor after processing all rows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This example demonstrates how to create and use a cursor in MySQL to extract values from the <code>Employee<\/code> table row by row. Adjust the cursor query and processing logic based on your table structure and desired operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\" id=\"P06\">Question 6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Write a PL\/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data available in the newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If the data in the first table already exist in the second table then that data should be skipped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To accomplish this task in MySQL, we can use a stored procedure with a parameterized cursor to merge data from one table (<code>N_RollCall<\/code>) into another table (<code>O_RollCall<\/code>) while skipping existing data. We&#8217;ll iterate through the records of <code>N_RollCall<\/code> and insert them into <code>O_RollCall<\/code> only if they do not already exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Create the Tables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, let&#8217;s create the <code>N_RollCall<\/code> and <code>O_RollCall<\/code> tables with similar structure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"CREATE DATABASE ROLLCALL;\n\nUSE ROLLCALL;\n\n-- Create N_RollCall table\nCREATE TABLE N_RollCall (\n    student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    student_name VARCHAR(255),\n    birth_date DATE\n);\n\n-- Create O_RollCall table with common data\nCREATE TABLE O_RollCall (\n    student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    student_name VARCHAR(255),\n    birth_date DATE\n);\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATABASE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">ROLLCALL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">USE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> ROLLCALL;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Create N_RollCall table<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">N_RollCall<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    student_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    student_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    birth_date <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATE<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Create O_RollCall table with common data<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">O_RollCall<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    student_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">PRIMARY KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    student_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    birth_date <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATE<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Add Sample Records to both tables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s insert some sample data into the <code>O_RollCall<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; -- Insert common data into O_RollCall\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO O_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)\n    -&gt; VALUES\n    -&gt;     (1, 'Shivanna', '1995-08-15'),\n    -&gt;     (3, 'Cheluva', '1990-12-10');\nQuery OK, 2 rows affected (0.17 sec)\nRecords: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Insert common data into O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> O_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Shivanna&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1995-08-15&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Cheluva&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1990-12-10&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">17<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Records: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Duplicates: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s insert some sample data into the <code>N_RollCall<\/code> table, including records that are common with <code>O_RollCall<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; -- Insert sample records into N_RollCall\nmysql&gt; INSERT INTO N_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)\n    -&gt; VALUES\n    -&gt;     (1, 'Shivanna', '1995-08-15'),  -- Common record with O_RollCall\n    -&gt;     (2, 'Bhadramma', '1998-03-22'),\n    -&gt;     (3, 'Cheluva', '1990-12-10'), -- Common record with O_RollCall\n    -&gt;     (4, 'Devendra', '2000-05-18'),\n    -&gt;     (5, 'Eshwar', '1997-09-03');\nQuery OK, 5 rows affected (0.21 sec)\nRecords: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Insert sample records into N_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> N_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Shivanna&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1995-08-15&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),  <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Common record with O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Bhadramma&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1998-03-22&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Cheluva&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1990-12-10&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Common record with O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Devendra&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;2000-05-18&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Eshwar&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;1997-09-03&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">21<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Records: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Duplicates: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  Warnings: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Define the Stored Procedure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, let&#8217;s define the <code>merge_rollcall_data<\/code> stored procedure to merge records from <code>N_RollCall<\/code> into <code>O_RollCall<\/code>, skipping existing records:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"DELIMITER \/\/\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE merge_rollcall_data()\nBEGIN\n    DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;\n    DECLARE n_id INT;\n    DECLARE n_name VARCHAR(255);\n    DECLARE n_birth_date DATE;\n\n    -- Declare cursor for N_RollCall table\n    DECLARE n_cursor CURSOR FOR\n        SELECT student_id, student_name, birth_date\n        FROM N_RollCall;\n\n    -- Declare handler for cursor\n    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND\n        SET done = TRUE;\n\n    -- Open the cursor\n    OPEN n_cursor;\n\n    -- Start looping through cursor results\n    cursor_loop: LOOP\n        -- Fetch data from cursor into variables\n        FETCH n_cursor INTO n_id, n_name, n_birth_date;\n\n        -- Check if no more rows to fetch\n        IF done THEN\n            LEAVE cursor_loop;\n        END IF;\n\n        -- Check if the data already exists in O_RollCall\n        IF NOT EXISTS (\n            SELECT 1\n            FROM O_RollCall\n            WHERE student_id = n_id\n        ) THEN\n            -- Insert the record into O_RollCall\n            INSERT INTO O_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)\n            VALUES (n_id, n_name, n_birth_date);\n        END IF;\n    END LOOP;\n\n    -- Close the cursor\n    CLOSE n_cursor;\nEND\/\/\n\nDELIMITER ;\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">DELIMITER <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">PROCEDURE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> merge_rollcall_data()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">BEGIN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> done <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DEFAULT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> FALSE;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_name <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">255<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_birth_date <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Declare cursor for N_RollCall table<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_cursor <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CURSOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FOR<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> student_id, student_name, birth_date<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> N_RollCall;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Declare handler for cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CONTINUE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> HANDLER <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FOR<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> FOUND<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SET<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> done <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> TRUE;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Open the cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">OPEN<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_cursor;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Start looping through cursor results<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    cursor_loop: <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">LOOP<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Fetch data from cursor into variables<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FETCH<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_cursor <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_id, n_name, n_birth_date;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Check if no more rows to fetch<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> done <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">THEN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            LEAVE cursor_loop;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Check if the data already exists in O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">EXISTS<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> student_id <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_id<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        ) <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">THEN<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Insert the record into O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">INSERT INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> O_RollCall (student_id, student_name, birth_date)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (n_id, n_name, n_birth_date);<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">LOOP<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Close the cursor<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CLOSE<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> n_cursor;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">END\/\/<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">DELIMITER ;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The stored procedure <code>merge_rollcall_data<\/code> uses a cursor (<code>n_cursor<\/code>) to iterate through the records of the <code>N_RollCall<\/code> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inside the cursor loop (<code>cursor_loop<\/code>), each record (<code>n_id<\/code>, <code>n_name<\/code>, <code>n_date<\/code>) from <code>N_RollCall<\/code> is fetched and checked against the <code>O_RollCall<\/code> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the record does not already exist in <code>O_RollCall<\/code> (checked using <code>NOT EXISTS<\/code>), it is inserted into <code>O_RollCall<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cursor loop continues until all records from <code>N_RollCall<\/code> have been processed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cursor is then closed (<code>CLOSE n_cursor<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Execute the Stored Procedure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, execute the <code>merge_rollcall_data<\/code> stored procedure to merge records from <code>N_RollCall<\/code> into <code>O_RollCall<\/code> while skipping existing records:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; CALL merge_rollcall_data();\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.87 sec)\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">CALL<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> merge_rollcall_data();<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">Query OK, <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> affected (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">87<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Verify Records in <code>O_RollCall<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After executing the procedure, verify the records in the <code>O_RollCall<\/code> table to confirm that new records from <code>N_RollCall<\/code> have been inserted, while existing common records have been skipped:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mysql&gt; -- Select all records from O_RollCall\nmysql&gt; SELECT * FROM O_RollCall;\n+------------+--------------+------------+\n| student_id | student_name | birth_date |\n+------------+--------------+------------+\n|          1 | Shivanna     | 1995-08-15 |&lt;-- Common record, not duplicated\n|          2 | Bhadramma    | 1998-03-22 |&lt;-- New record from N_RollCall\n|          3 | Cheluva      | 1990-12-10 |&lt;-- Common record, not duplicated\n|          4 | Devendra     | 2000-05-18 |&lt;-- New record from N_RollCall\n|          5 | Eshwar       | 1997-09-03 |&lt;-- New record from N_RollCall\n+------------+--------------+------------+\n5 rows in set (0.00 sec)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Select all records from O_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">mysql<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> O_RollCall;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+--------------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">| student_id | student_name | birth_date |<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+--------------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Shivanna     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1995<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">08<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">15<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Common record, not duplicated<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Bhadramma    | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1998<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">03<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- New record from N_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Cheluva      | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1990<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- Common record, not duplicated<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Devendra     | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2000<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">05<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- New record from N_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">|          <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> | Eshwar       | <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1997<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">09<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">03<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">-- New record from N_RollCall<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\">------------+--------------+------------+<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">00<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> sec)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\" id=\"P07\">Question 7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MongoDB &amp; perform basic CRUD(Create, Read, Update &amp; Delete) operations. Execute MongoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Installing Open Source NoSQL Data base MongoDB <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Please refer to the blog below which contains detailed procedure of installing Open Source NoSQL Data base MongoDB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-myblogosphere wp-block-embed-myblogosphere\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yg9h1BkH6q\"><a href=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/setting-up-mongodb-on-ubuntu\/\">Setting Up MongoDB on Ubuntu<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Setting Up MongoDB on Ubuntu&#8221; &#8212; MyBlogosphere\" data-src=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/setting-up-mongodb-on-ubuntu\/embed\/#?secret=S6hRYoB1Zz#?secret=yg9h1BkH6q\" data-secret=\"yg9h1BkH6q\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Perform basic CRUD(Create, Read, Update &amp; Delete) operations. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Start MongoDB.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch the MongoDB daemon using the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"sudo systemctl start mongod\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">systemctl<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">start<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">mongod<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">2. Start the MongoDB Shell<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">Launch the MongoDB shell to perform basic CRUD operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"mongosh\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">mongosh<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">3. <strong>Switch to a Database (Optional):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to use a specific database, switch to that database using the <code>use<\/code> command. If the database doesn&#8217;t exist, MongoDB will create it implicitly when you insert data into it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"test&gt; use bookDB\nswitched to db bookDB\nbookDB&gt;\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">test<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">use<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> bookDB<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">switched <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">to<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> db bookDB<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">4. <strong><strong>Create the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> Collection:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To create the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection, use the <code>createCollection()<\/code> method. This step is optional because MongoDB will automatically create the collection when you insert data into it, but you can explicitly create it if needed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.createCollection(&quot;ProgrammingBooks&quot;)\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">createCollection<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;ProgrammingBooks&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This command will create an empty <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection in the current database (<code>bookDB<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. INSERT operations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a. Insert 5 Documents into the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> Collection :<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, insert 5 documents representing programming books into the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection using the <code>insertMany()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.insertMany([\n  {\n    title: &quot;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&quot;,\n    author: &quot;Robert C. Martin&quot;,\n    category: &quot;Software Development&quot;,\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    title: &quot;JavaScript: The Good Parts&quot;,\n    author: &quot;Douglas Crockford&quot;,\n    category: &quot;JavaScript&quot;,\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    title: &quot;Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software&quot;,\n    author: &quot;Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides&quot;,\n    category: &quot;Software Design&quot;,\n    year: 1994\n  },\n  {\n    title: &quot;Introduction to Algorithms&quot;,\n    author: &quot;Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein&quot;,\n    category: &quot;Algorithms&quot;,\n    year: 1990\n  },\n  {\n    title: &quot;Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming&quot;,\n    author: &quot;Eric Matthes&quot;,\n    category: &quot;Python&quot;,\n    year: 2015\n  }\n])\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.insertMany([<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Robert C. Martin&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Software Development&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;JavaScript: The Good Parts&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Douglas Crockford&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;JavaScript&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Software Design&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1994<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Introduction to Algorithms&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Algorithms&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1990<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Eric Matthes&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Python&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2015<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>b. Insert a Single Document into <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code>:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the <code>insertOne()<\/code> method to insert a new document into the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.insertOne({\n  title: &quot;The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery&quot;,\n  author: &quot;David Thomas, Andrew Hunt&quot;,\n  category: &quot;Software Development&quot;,\n  year: 1999\n})\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.insertOne({<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;David Thomas, Andrew Hunt&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Software Development&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1999<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">})<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Read (Query) Operations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a. Find All Documents<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To retrieve all documents from the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.find().pretty()\n[\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202df'),\n    title: 'Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship',\n    author: 'Robert C. Martin',\n    category: 'Software Development',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e0'),\n    title: 'JavaScript: The Good Parts',\n    author: 'Douglas Crockford',\n    category: 'JavaScript',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e1'),\n    title: 'Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software',\n    author: 'Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides',\n    category: 'Software Design',\n    year: 1994\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e2'),\n    title: 'Introduction to Algorithms',\n    author: 'Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein',\n    category: 'Algorithms',\n    year: 1990\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e3'),\n    title: 'Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming',\n    author: 'Eric Matthes',\n    category: 'Python',\n    year: 2015\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eab05ae582498972202e4'),\n    title: 'The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery',\n    author: 'David Thomas, Andrew Hunt',\n    category: 'Software Development',\n    year: 1999\n  }\n]\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.find().pretty()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">[<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202df&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Robert C. Martin&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Software Development&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e0&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript: The Good Parts&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Douglas Crockford&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e1&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Software Design&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1994<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e2&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Introduction to Algorithms&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Algorithms&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1990<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e3&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Eric Matthes&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Python&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2015<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eab05ae582498972202e4&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;David Thomas, Andrew Hunt&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Software Development&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1999<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>b. Find Documents Matching a Condition<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To find books published after the year 2000:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.find({ year: { $gt: 2000 } }).pretty()\n[\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202df'),\n    title: 'Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship',\n    author: 'Robert C. Martin',\n    category: 'Software Development',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e0'),\n    title: 'JavaScript: The Good Parts',\n    author: 'Douglas Crockford',\n    category: 'JavaScript',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e3'),\n    title: 'Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming',\n    author: 'Eric Matthes',\n    category: 'Python',\n    year: 2015\n  }\n]\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.find({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { $gt: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2000<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } }).pretty()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">[<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202df&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Robert C. Martin&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Software Development&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e0&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript: The Good Parts&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Douglas Crockford&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e3&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Python Crash Course: A Hands-On, Project-Based Introduction to Programming&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Eric Matthes&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Python&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2015<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Update Operations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a. Update a Single Document<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To update a specific book (e.g., change the author of a book):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt;db.ProgrammingBooks.updateOne(\n  { title: &quot;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&quot; },\n  { $set: { author: &quot;Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)&quot; } }\n)\n\n\/\/verify by displaying books published in year 2008\nbookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.find({ year: { $eq: 2008 } }).pretty()\n[\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202df'),\n    title: 'Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship',\n    author: 'Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)',\n    category: 'Software Development',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e0'),\n    title: 'JavaScript: The Good Parts',\n    author: 'Douglas Crockford',\n    category: 'JavaScript',\n    year: 2008\n  }\n]\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.updateOne(<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  { title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  { $<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">verify <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">by<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> displaying books published <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.find({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { $eq: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } }).pretty()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">[<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202df&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Software Development&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e0&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript: The Good Parts&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Douglas Crockford&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>b. Update Multiple Documents<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To update multiple books (e.g., update the category of books published before 2010):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.updateMany(\n  { year: { $lt: 2010 } },\n  { $set: { category: &quot;Classic Programming Books&quot; } }\n)\n\n\/\/verify the update operation by displaying books published before year 2010\nbookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.find({ year: { $lt: 2010 } }).pretty()\n[\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202df'),\n    title: 'Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship',\n    author: 'Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)',\n    category: 'Classic Programming Books',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e0'),\n    title: 'JavaScript: The Good Parts',\n    author: 'Douglas Crockford',\n    category: 'Classic Programming Books',\n    year: 2008\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e1'),\n    title: 'Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software',\n    author: 'Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides',\n    category: 'Classic Programming Books',\n    year: 1994\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eaaebae582498972202e2'),\n    title: 'Introduction to Algorithms',\n    author: 'Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein',\n    category: 'Classic Programming Books',\n    year: 1990\n  },\n  {\n    _id: ObjectId('663eab05ae582498972202e4'),\n    title: 'The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery',\n    author: 'David Thomas, Andrew Hunt',\n    category: 'Classic Programming Books',\n    year: 1999\n  }\n]\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.updateMany(<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  { <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { $lt: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2010<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  { $<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;Classic Programming Books&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">verify the <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">update<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> operation <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">by<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> displaying books published <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">before<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2010<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.find({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { $lt: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2010<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } }).pretty()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">[<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202df&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Classic Programming Books&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e0&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;JavaScript: The Good Parts&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Douglas Crockford&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Classic Programming Books&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2008<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e1&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Classic Programming Books&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1994<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eaaebae582498972202e2&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Introduction to Algorithms&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Classic Programming Books&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1990<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  },<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    _id: ObjectId(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;663eab05ae582498972202e4&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;The Pragmatic Programmer: Your Journey to Mastery&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    author: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;David Thomas, Andrew Hunt&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    category: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&#39;Classic Programming Books&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1999<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Delete Operations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a. Delete a Single Document<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To delete a specific book from the collection (e.g., delete a book by title):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.deleteOne({ title: &quot;JavaScript: The Good Parts&quot; })\n{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 1 }\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.deleteOne({ title: <\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">&quot;JavaScript: The Good Parts&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> })<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>You can check whether the specified document is deleted by displaying the contents of the collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>b. Delete Multiple Documents<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">To delete multiple books based on a condition (e.g., delete all books published before 1995):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.deleteMany({ year: { $lt: 1995 } })\n{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 2 }\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.deleteMany({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">: { $lt: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1995<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> } })<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-e-1-e-4-e-8-color has-text-color\">You can check whether the specified documents were deleted by displaying the contents of the collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>c. Delete All Documents in the Collection: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>To delete all documents in a collection (e.g., <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code>), use the <code>deleteMany()<\/code> method with an empty filter <code>{}<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(212, 226, 245, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"\/\/delete all documents in a collection\nbookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.deleteMany({})\n{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: 3 }\n\n\/\/verify by displaying the collection\nbookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.find().pretty()\n\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/delete<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> all documents <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> a <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">collection<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.deleteMany({})<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">{ acknowledged: true, deletedCount: <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F97583\">\/\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">verify <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">by<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> displaying the <\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">collection<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.find().pretty()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Delete the Collection Using drop():<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-family: S\u00f6hne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;\">To delete a collection named <\/span><code style=\"border-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-gradient-from-position: ; --tw-gradient-via-position: ; --tw-gradient-to-position: ; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; --tw-contain-size: ; --tw-contain-layout: ; --tw-contain-paint: ; --tw-contain-style: ; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: &quot;S\u00f6hne Mono&quot;, Monaco, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;, monospace !important;\">ProgrammingBooks<\/code><span style=\"color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-family: S\u00f6hne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;\">, use the <\/span><code style=\"border-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-gradient-from-position: ; --tw-gradient-via-position: ; --tw-gradient-to-position: ; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: ; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-blur: ; --tw-brightness: ; --tw-contrast: ; --tw-grayscale: ; --tw-hue-rotate: ; --tw-invert: ; --tw-saturate: ; --tw-sepia: ; --tw-drop-shadow: ; --tw-backdrop-blur: ; --tw-backdrop-brightness: ; --tw-backdrop-contrast: ; --tw-backdrop-grayscale: ; --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ; --tw-backdrop-invert: ; --tw-backdrop-opacity: ; --tw-backdrop-saturate: ; --tw-backdrop-sepia: ; --tw-contain-size: ; --tw-contain-layout: ; --tw-contain-paint: ; --tw-contain-style: ; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; color: rgb(13, 13, 13); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: &quot;S\u00f6hne Mono&quot;, Monaco, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;, monospace !important;\">drop()<\/code><span style=\"color: rgb(13, 13, 13); font-family: S\u00f6hne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;\"> method with the name of the collection:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"bookDB&gt; show collections\nProgrammingBooks\n\nbookDB&gt; db.ProgrammingBooks.drop()\ntrue\n\nbookDB&gt; show collections\n\nbookDB&gt; \" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> show collections<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">ProgrammingBooks<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">drop<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">true<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> show collections<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">bookDB<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\"> <\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> The command <code>db.ProgrammingBooks.drop( )<\/code> will permanently delete the <code>ProgrammingBooks<\/code> collection from the current database (<code>bookDB<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After deleting the collection, you can verify that it no longer exists by listing all collections in the database using the command <code>show collections<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are also looking for other Lab Manuals, head over to my following blog :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-myblogosphere wp-block-embed-myblogosphere\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"s8DaASazQr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/vtu-lab-manuals-using-foss\/\">VTU Lab Manuals using FOSS<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;VTU Lab Manuals using FOSS&#8221; &#8212; MyBlogosphere\" data-src=\"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/vtu-lab-manuals-using-foss\/embed\/#?secret=HIacPYctr3#?secret=s8DaASazQr\" data-secret=\"s8DaASazQr\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this blog post, you will find solutions for the Database Management System Lab Component (BCS403) course work for the IV semester of VTU university. To follow along, you will need to have up a machine running any flavour of GNULinux OS. We recommend using the MySQL database for this lab. The solutions have been [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[358,92,352,353,78,356,357,26,35,347,355,354,43],"class_list":["post-2183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-programming","tag-4th-sem","tag-4th-semester","tag-bcs403","tag-bcs403-lab","tag-cse","tag-database-management-system-lab-component","tag-database-management-system-lab-component-bcs403","tag-foss","tag-lab-manual","tag-mongodb","tag-mysql","tag-sql","tag-vtu"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-from-2024-05-10-16-17-07.png?fit=974%2C550&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2183"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2231,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2183\/revisions\/2231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moodle.sit.ac.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}